![]() The root user is an administrative user with the highest privileges and is not bound by any permission restrictions. One unique user in the Linux system is the root user. If you own a file or a directory, you can pretty much do anything you want with it – you can access it, edit it, rename and even delete it.īut not all users are the same. These permissions determine access rights or privileges that users have on the file. By default, each file in Linux has its own permissions and directories. This oversimplification then leads us to the concept of file permissions and directories. ![]() These entities are represented by a file descriptor which is a unique identifier for a file or other resources such as directories, network sockets, or processes – hence the concept “everything is a file”. ![]() It implies that in a Linux system, every single entity is considered a file. The oversimplification simply gives a high-level overview of the Linux architecture. We have directories, symbolic links, processes, pipes, and sockets just to mention a few. This sounds somewhat puzzling since the Linux system comprises various entities and not just files. The sed command disables the #includedir directive that would allow any files in subdirectories to override these inline updates.You probably have heard of the concept “In Linux, everything is a file”.The sed command does inline updates to the /etc/sudoers file to allow foo and root users passwordless access to the sudo group.The home directory is set to /home/foo.The user foo is added to the both the foo and sudo group.Sed -i /etc/sudoers -re 's/^#includedir.*/# Removed the #include directive! #"/g' & \Įcho "Customized the sudoers file for passwordless access!" & \Įcho "foo ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" > /etc/sudoers & \Įcho "root ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" > /etc/sudoers & \Įcho "foo user:" su foo -c 'whoami & id' & \Įcho "root user:" su root -c 'whoami & id' Sed -i /etc/sudoers -re 's/^root.*/root ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL/g' & \ Sed -i /etc/sudoers -re 's/^%sudo.*/%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL/g' & \ Useradd -U foo -m -s /bin/bash -p foo -G sudo & passwd -d foo & passwd -d root & \ This is how I've implemented the non-root, passwordless user in an ephemeral Docker Image for use in a CICD pipeline with the base image of ubuntu:18.04: RUN \ It looks like this: #includedir /etc/sudoers.d This is a sneaky little directive, as it appears to be a commented line upon first glance. Is it because the user nicholsonjf was inheriting sudo rights from the two group specifications of admin and sudo (seen below in the sudoers file), which were overriding the nicholsonjf user specification because they were further down in the config file?Īs I was researching this, I realized that there's a line in the /etc/sudoers file that is not a comment, but a directive that makes any file or folder under the directory /etc/sudoers/* override the contents of /etc/sudoers. I was only able to start running sudo commands as nicholsonjf once I removed nicholsonjf from the sudo and admin groups. However this did not work, and I was still prompted for my password every time I ran a command as nicholsonjf. # See sudoers(5) for more information on "#include" directives: # Allow members of group sudo to execute any command # Members of the admin group may gain root privileges # See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file.ĭefaults secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ![]() # Please consider adding local content in /etc/sudoers.d/ instead of Initially, my only change to the sudoers file ( /etc/sudoers) was one line, a user specification that should have enabled nicholsonjf to run all commands with sudo without having to enter a password (see the line that starts with nicholsonjf): # This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root. I understand it's a huge security risk to enable NOPASSWD sudo. NOTE: I have made these changes on a dedicated machine running Ubuntu Desktop 13.04, that I use purely for learning purposes. This is a fairly complex question related to the sudoers file and the sudo command in general.
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